Catch-22 in a Signalling Game

In this paper signals are observed by two receivers who have different preferences about the sender and therefore respond to information about him in different ways. This can result in a Catch-22 for the sender; if he sends a signal to induce a positive response from one receiver, this may induce a negative response from the other. The problem is modelled as a three player game and the analysis shows that the Catch-22 can be resolved but only when there are three possibilities with respect to the sender's disposition or the initial probabilities relating to the sender's type are equal.