Economics

In order to enable up-to-date product regulation, legislators often make use of private technical expertise. Daniel Beider places the relevant activities of private standardisation organisations in the respective national, European and international legal context and shows the interactions between the individual levels and their potential.

As a former member of the Deregulation Commission (1988-1991) and a present member of the German Monopolies Commission, Jürgen Basedow has published numerous small papers on economic deregulation, and they have been collected in this volume. They focus on the impact that European Community law has on the regulatory structures of markets such as transport, insurance, legal services etc., on the relationship between deregulation and harmonization and on the role of competition law in deregulated markets.

In the course of the widespread digitalization, technically innovative internet payment methods have developed alongside the booming online trade. This includes so-called payment initiation services. These enable simple payment on the Internet without a credit card, based solely on online banking. However, access to the account (open banking) also entails specific risks.

With artificial intelligence developing at breathtaking speed, the question arises of whether future companies will be managed by machines instead of people. As s elf-driving corporations appear on the horizon, Tobias Ponßen shows that existing standards under corporate law - according to which managing directors must be natural persons - can also be defended in the future because the law reserves company management rights to individuals based on their morality, placing the focus on legitimacy not efficiency and creating a human proviso.